在水系统的运行中，杂质水垢问题犹如一颗隐藏的“定时炸弹”，时刻威胁着系统的正常运行和效率。水的诸多表征质量的数据性质，如 PH、碱度、硬度等，由于其具有不变的化学机理，是可以预先计算并加以控制的。然而，水中悬浮物含量这一衡量水污染程度的重要指标，却难以简单预计。

In the operation of water systems, the problem of impurities and scale is like a hidden "time bomb", constantly threatening the normal operation and efficiency of the system. Many data properties that characterize the quality of water, such as PH, alkalinity, and hardness, can be pre-calculated and controlled due to their unchanging chemical mechanisms. However, the content of suspended solids in water, an important indicator for measuring the degree of water pollution, is difficult to predict simply.

悬浮物，指的是悬浮在水中的固体物质，涵盖了不溶于水的无机物、有机物，以及泥砂、黏土、微生物等。它是造成水浑浊的主要原因。以开式冷却塔为例，其在运行过程中不可避免地会吸入含有多种杂质的空气，像灰尘、黏土、花粉、有机碎片残留等。这些杂质极易被冷却水完全吸收，并在冷却塔池中不断浓缩。

Suspended matter refers to solid substances suspended in water, including inorganic and organic substances that are insoluble in water, as well as sand, clay, microorganisms, etc. It is the main cause of water turbidity. Take open cooling towers as an example. During operation, they inevitably draw in air containing various impurities, such as dust, clay, pollen, and residual organic debris. These impurities can be completely absorbed by the cooling water and continuously concentrated in the cooling tower pool.

除了外界吸入的杂质，系统本身也会产生颗粒杂质。系统腐蚀的产物、矿物沉积（如铁和硬度盐等）、微生物生长、有机物聚集体，以及从热交换器工艺面漏过来的溶解及非溶解杂质等，都会增加系统的营养成分，进而加速细菌生长，加速腐蚀并形成腐蚀产物。这些内部产生的杂质与外界吸入的杂质相互作用，使得水系统的污染情况愈发严重。

In addition to impurities inhaled from the outside, the system itself can also generate particulate impurities. The products of system corrosion, mineral deposits (such as iron and hardness salts, etc.), microbial growth, organic matter aggregates, as well as dissolved and non-dissolved impurities leaking from the process surface of the heat exchanger, all increase the nutrient content of the system, thereby accelerating bacterial growth, accelerating corrosion and forming corrosion products. The impurities generated internally interact with those inhaled from the outside, making the pollution of the water system even more severe.

当杂质与结垢性矿物沉淀结合在一起时，会大大增加结垢速度和结垢厚度。同样，杂质与微生物膜粘连在一起也会增加黏膜速度及厚度。这些污染膜的存在，会带来一系列严重的后果。它们会降低热交换效率，使热交换器表面的水流速变慢。而更慢的流速又会允许更多的杂质沉淀，形成恶性循环，进一步降低系统的效率。这些污染膜还会促进污垢下腐蚀，导致更多的污染，严重影响水系统的正常运行和使用寿命。

When impurities combine with scale-forming mineral precipitates, it will greatly increase the scaling rate and thickness. Similarly, impurities adhering to the microbial film will also increase the speed and thickness of the mucous membrane. The existence of these contaminated membranes will bring about a series of serious consequences. They will reduce the heat exchange efficiency and slow down the water flow rate on the surface of the heat exchanger. A slower flow rate, in turn, will allow more impurities to settle, creating a vicious cycle and further reducing the efficiency of the system. These contaminated membranes will also promote under-fouling corrosion, leading to more pollution and seriously affecting the normal operation and service life of the water system.

杂质水垢问题对水系统的危害不容小觑。无论是开式冷却塔吸入的外界杂质，还是系统自身产生的颗粒杂质，都在不断加剧水系统的污染和结垢情况。为了保障水系统的高效稳定运行，我们必须高度重视杂质水垢问题，采取有效的措施进行预防和处理，如定期对水系统进行检测和维护、安装合适的过滤设备等，以减少杂质的积累和水垢的形成，确保水系统始终处于良好的运行状态。

The harm of impurities and scale to water systems should not be underestimated. Whether it is the external impurities sucked in by the open cooling tower or the particulate impurities produced by the system itself, they are all constantly aggravating the pollution and scaling of the water system. To ensure the efficient and stable operation of the water system, we must attach great importance to the problem of impurities and scale, and take effective measures for prevention and treatment, such as regular inspection and maintenance of the water system and installation of appropriate filtration equipment, to reduce the accumulation of impurities and the formation of scale, and ensure that the water system is always in good operating condition.